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作为直言者的苏格拉底——福柯对《申辩篇》的读解与阐发 被引量:1

Socrates as a Parrhēsiast:Foucault's Study of Plato's Apology
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摘要 在1982—1984年法兰西学院课程讲座《对自我和对他人的治理》和《说真话的勇气》中,福柯围绕着"直言"和"关心自己"这两个概念对苏格拉底的哲人形象及其话语模式进行了细致解读和详细阐发。福柯将柏拉图《申辩篇》中苏格拉底在法庭之上的言说话语描述为一种典型的"哲学直言",从三个方面对苏格拉底以"关心自己"为旨归的生活及言说方式加以阐述:首先,苏格拉底是如何将他的言说与原告的修辞相区分的,即哲学直言排斥修辞;其次,苏格拉底是如何实践一种外在但与政治相关的伦理直言的,即哲学直言相关政制;苏格拉底是如何将直言界定为"关心自己"的实践的,即哲学直言操练灵魂与生活、爱慕真理与品性。 In The Government of Self and Others and The Courage of Truth, Foucault excavated the Philosopher Socrates and his modality of discourse. By exploring Plato's Apology, Foucault identified Socrates' speech in the court as a "philosophical parrhēsia" and elucidated Socrates' speaking and living patterns with the fundamental aim of "Epimēleia Heautou" from the following three respects: firstly, how Socrates' s speech differentiates from his accusers', that is the parrhēsia rejects rhetoric; secondly, how Socrates philosophizes an ethical parrhēsia which is outside but relevant to politics, that is the parrhēsia relates to politeia; and how Socrates transforms parrhēsia as the practice of "Epimēleia Heautou," that is parrhēsia exercises the psychē and bios, adoring alētheia and ēthos.
作者 杜玉生 Du Yusheng(Post-doc,School of Foreign Languages,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,Chin;Associate professor,School of Languages and Cultures,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China)
出处 《外国文学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2018年第5期148-157,共10页 Foreign Literature
基金 国家社科基金青年项目"福柯晚期主体思想研究"(15CZX036) 第63批中国博士后科学基金面上资助一等资助项目"福柯晚期伦理思想研究"(2018M630430)
关键词 晚期福柯 苏格拉底 《申辩篇》 哲学直言 Later Eoucault Socrates Apology philosophical parrhesia
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