黏土矿物对土壤中重金属的钝化作用研究进展

Research Progress of Passivation on Heavy Metals in Soils by Clay Minerals

为了助推我国重金属污染土壤的修复与治理,促进我国环保工作者熟悉黏土矿物在土壤重金属污染治理与修复中的重要作用和技术进展情况,对土壤重金属污染修复技术以及天然黏土矿物对土壤中重金属的钝化作用效果进行总结,提出了黏土矿物作为环境功能材料在土壤重金属修复领域的优势,重点阐述了黏土矿物的改性方法及改性机理,包括物理改性、化学改性、复合改性等,并总结了改性黏土矿物材料对土壤中重金属钝化性能的提升和钝化机理,综合分析了黏土矿物作为环境功能材料的优缺点。最后,结合目前该领域的研究与实践情况,针对改性黏土矿物材料的研究和应用前景进行了展望,提出长效考察、联合修复、土壤分类、移除技术及基于矿物相组成差异的修复等是今后研究的重要方向。

In order to promote the progress of the renovate and treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil in China,promote environmental protection workers get a well knowledge about the important role and current technical development of clay minerals in treating and repairing heavy metal contaminated soil,the techniques and passivation effect of natural clay minerals in treating heavy metal contaminated soil was summarized,provided the advantages of clay minerals as environmental functional materials in the field of soil heavy metal remediation. The methods and mechanism of modification of clay minerals is emphatically summarized,including physical modification,chemical modification,composite modification,etc. At the same time,the improvement of passivation performance of modified clay mineral materials and the passivation mechanism were summarized,both the advantages and disadvantages of clay minerals as environmental functional materials were also analyzed. In the end,prospect for the research and application of modified clay minerals based on the current research and practice of the field,proposed long-term investigations,combined restorations,soil classification,removal techniques and the treatment based on the combination of minerals is important research direction in the future.