试论《沧浪诗话》中的典故事义观

The View of Allusion in "Canglang Poem Talk"

典故原指旧制、旧例,后来演变为关于历史人物、典章制度等的故事或传说。事义,即典故的意义和情理。文学作品运用典故,是指诗文中引用古代故事或有来历出处的词语。严羽《沧浪诗话》是中国古代诗歌理论的重要典籍,格局庞大而具有体系性,坐落于诗歌艺术美学之上,侧重于讨论中国古典诗歌的艺术性,并提出了行之有效、具体全面的作诗方法。典故事义观,是其诗法理论的重要组成部分,高度概括地提出了诗歌"不必多使事""用字不必拘来历"等观点,这些典故观形成于特定的文学背景和理论背景之上,与宋朝诗风和禅学兴盛密切相关,论及诗歌语言与情志的关系,具有深厚的价值,对后世诗论产生了深远影响。

Allusion means old stories or typicals, later evolved into the story about the system of historical figures and judgments or legends on poetry. Using allusions in literature refers to the ancient verse cited in the story and history origin of words. In the literary theory and literary criticism in China, many works of literature put forward different views and perspectives of allusions. Yan Yu Canglang＇s remarks on poetry is the important ancient books and records of ancient Chinese poetic theory, the pattern of large and system, located on the art of poetry aesthetics, focuses on the discussion of the art of Chinese classical poetry, and puts forward the effective, comprehensive and concrete poetry. Yan Yu poetic ideas ＂chant temperament＂ show people＇s spiritual world and spiritual experience, the ＂Epiphany＂, from the long-term ＂cooked＂ to grasp and nature of poetry moment ＂Epiphany＂. In an important part of the poetry, allusion, Yan Yu started from the nature of poetry recitation,and proposed the theory that there is no absolute in the world. People are required not to adopt too many allusions,not to explore into the origin,to avoid being expensive,which had far reaching significance on the poetry in the Ming and Qing Dynasty.