基于宏程序的非圆二次曲线数控车削编程与加工研究

Research on Programming and Machining of Non Circular Conic NC Turning Based on Macro Program

非圆二次曲线是一种利用数学方程来描述轮廓形状的复杂曲线,在数控车削加工中,因数控车床系统没有二次曲线插补(编程)功能,致使在实际的生产过程中,非圆曲线零件的加工一直是个技术难题。为此,通过对数控车床系统插补原理和非圆二次曲线轮廓的近似数学模型进行分析研究,以非圆二次曲线中最具代表性的椭圆面的编程加工为例,提出了利用宏指令编写凹椭圆面加工程序的方法,实现了利用简单宏指令加工复杂曲线的目的,有效解决了实际生产中非圆二次曲线编程与加工困难的问题,拓宽了现有数控车床的车削范围。利用同样的原理,还可以推广至双曲线、抛物线、余弦曲线及正弦曲线等轮廓的生产加工。

Non circular conic is a kind of complex curve which describes the shape of the contour by mathematical equation.In the numerical control lathe processing,CNC lathe system has no conic interpolation（programming）function.So,in the actual production process,machining non-circular curve parts is always a difficult technical problem.To this end,based on the analysis of the interpolation principle of numerical control lathe system and the approximate mathematical model of non circular two curve contour,taking a case study of the programming of the most representative elliptic surfaces in non circular conic for example,a method for preparing concave elliptic surface machining program by macro instruction is proposed.The purpose of processing complex curves with simple instructions is realized,and it effectively solves the problem of programming and machining of non-circular conic in actual production.The turning range of the existing CNC lathes is widened,and the same principle can also be extended to the production and processing of hyperbola,parabola,cosine curve and sine curve.