武汉市新型农业经营主体特征比较、发展问题及对策

Characteristic Comparison,Obstructions and Countermeasures in the Cultivation of the New Agricultural Management Entities in Wuhan

新型农业经营主体的培育是新型农业经营体系构建的关键问题与重要内容,家庭农场、专业大户、农民专业合作社、农业企业是新型农业经营的四大主体,调查研究表明,武汉市近郊这四类新型农业经营主体无论是在个体性特征还是在经营性特征上都表现出一定的差异性,都面临着经营风险加大、后备人才不足、组织功能错配、扶持政策落地难等共性问题。要根据四类新型经营主体的成长发育路径提出更有针对性的扶持政策,对创业大学生要为他们进入农业提供政策保障,对土生土长的专业大户和能人要鼓励成长为合作社带头人,对农业企业家要鼓励发展成为农工商综合体。

The cultivation of new agricultural management entities is the key problem and important content ofnew agricultural management system construction. Family farms, big specialized households, agricultural cooperatives, agricultural enterprises are the four major categories of new agricultural management entities. The researchshows that the four types of new agricultural management entities in the outskirts of Wuhan have shown some differences in individual characteristics or operating characteristics, but they are faced with the common problems suchas the increase of business risk, the shortage of reserve talents, the wrong function of organization and the difficultimplementation of support policies. According to the four types of new agricultural management entities＇ development path, we should put forward more targeted support policies： for the entrepreneurship students, we should provide them with policy support for agriculture; for the big specialized households and capable native farmers, weshould encourage them to grow into co-operative leaders; for the agricultural entrepreneurs, we should encouragethem to develop into agro-industrial complexes.