以地养老:应对农村人口老龄化的现实选择

Pensions from Farmland:the Realistic Option for the Elderly Supporting in the Rural

社会转型期,农村老年人和土地相结合的"以地养老"是农村应对人口老龄化的主要方式,具有重要的政策和理论意义。在农民当前以代际分工为基础的半工半耕的家庭劳动力再生产方式下,以地养老不仅是当前老年人的养老模式,也是大多数进城农民工预期的养老模式。这种养老模式的优势在于为农村老年人带来较多的经济社会福利,包括农副产品的自给自足、较高的家庭及社会地位和农业劳动本身的价值体验。且农业农村现代化建设过程形成的社会化服务体系为老人农业提供了再生产能力。从应对农村人口老龄化的角度,国家农业政策要从多方面支持老年农业,促进其稳定发展。

In the social transformation period, pensions from farmland is a elderly support system based on the correlation of farmland ownership to the elderly population supports accordingly in the rural and can be the main approach to meet the challenge of serious rural aging with valuable significance of policy and academic studies. Considering the current mode of family labor reproduction under which the family labors engage half farming and half non-farming work mainly based on the labor division by generation, pension from farmland is not only the main pensions for the old at present in the rural, but the anticipated main pensions for the younger rural generation working in the urban. This mode of elderly support can bring relatively more economic and social benefits for the elderly in rural areas including self-sufficiency of produces, higher family and social status, and the value experiences by farming labor. The increasingly improved social service system and the mutual assistance of the rural acquaintance society can sustain the elderly’s farming reproduction. The governments should have more polices to support elderly’s farming.