日本律令国家的土地国有制研究

Research on the Land Nationalization of Ritsuryo Japan

7世纪中叶,日本为缓和大土地兼并所激化的社会矛盾,通过大化改新建立起中央集权的律令制国家,将贵族的私地私民均收归国有,行班田收授之法。日本律令时代的土地所有形态是土地国有制,但国家对土地的权利不是所有权,而是调节贵族与农民阶级对立的国家公权力。所以,土地国有制是国家公权力为抑制阶级矛盾呈现出来的外在形态,土地和人民实质上仍为贵族阶级共同所有。

At the time of Taikare Reform in the mid seventh century, Japan established the Ritsuryo Sys tern, reclaimed land from the aristocracy to the state, as well as put Handenshuju into practice in order to alleviate class contradiction caused by land acquisition. During the era of Ritsuryo Japan, the form of land was land nationalization, but the right of the state to land was not land ownership but national public pow er that regulates the opposition between the aristocracy and the peasantry. Substantively, the land and the people were jointly owned by the upper class, and the land nationalization was just the external form of na tional public power for alleviating class contradiction.