独尊儒术的时代际遇与儒学的转向

The Circumstance of the Time of Only the Confucianism and Its Turn

汉代是中国封建社会统一中央集权制发展的关键时期,汉初统治者迫切需要一套安邦治国的理论体系。董仲舒顺应时代潮流,围绕"大一统"皇权政治建构,对儒学进行理论创新,改造儒学,并倡导统治者"罢黜百家,独尊儒术",使儒学成为官方哲学。儒学与现实政治的双向涵摄,一方面缘于时代的际遇,另一方面缘于儒学自身的理论品质。经董仲舒改造的儒学适应了时代需求,有了新的时代内涵,为中国封建社会提供了儒家伦理与王道政治相结合的社会治理模式。独尊儒术不仅是儒学发展史上的重大变革,更使儒学成为中国封建社会长期占统治地位的意识形态,并为封建皇权"大一统"专制政治构建了较为完善的价值体系。

Han Dynasty was the critical development period of the unified centralism of the feudal society in ancient China and the rulers of early Han Dynasty cried for a set of system of administration and stability With the conformation to the time, Dong Zhongshu remoulded Confucianism and put forward his theoreti cal renovation concerning the royal political construction of ＂Grand Unification＂, and urged the rulers to ＂reject all kinds of theoretical schools but Confucianism＂, which made it official. Confucianism and real politics mutually influenced each other because of the opportunity of the time and Confucius theoretical qualities. Confucianism remoulded by Dong Zhongshu met the needs of the time with the new connotation and provided the social governance model for the feudal society in Han Dynasty, which united Confucian ism and kingly politics together. ＂Rejecting all kinds of theoretical schools but Confucianism＂ is not only the great renovation of Confucianism, but also makes Confucianism remain in the long dominant position of ideology and also establishes rather complete value system for the feudal and royal despotism ＂Grand U nification＂.