明朝初期海外诸国对华输出动物考论

Overseas Countries Export Animals to the Early Ming Dynasty

明朝初期与海外诸国的联系不断增多,尤其是郑和下西洋之后,联系更加频繁,海外诸国对华输出的动物也随之增多。这时对华输出动物主要有两种形式,一是处于朝贡体系之内的朝贡动物,二是处于朝贡体系之外的贸易动物。朝贡体系内外的对华输出动物活动对明王朝和诸国的意义并不相同,一个是政治象征,而另一个则是经济利益。政治象征和经济利益的完美协调才使得明朝初期海外诸国对华输出动物的活动得以不断深化。这一视角对探讨明王朝与海外诸国的关系有重要意义。

In the early Ming Dynasty,the contacts with overseas countries increases continuously. Especially after Zheng He＇s voyages to the Western Seas,animals that enter the Ming Dynasty increased. At this time,there were two main ways for animaloutput to the Ming Dynasty,one of which was animal output within the tributesystem and the second was the trade animal outside the tribute system.They stood for different meanings for the Ming Dynasty and other countries,with one being a political symbol and the other economic benefit. Their perfect coordination allowed the deepening of the animal output to the Ming Dynasty. This perspective is of great significance for exploring the relationship between Ming Dynasty and overseas countries.