面向古木建筑构件不同尺寸留取精度需求的高效技术研究

Research on High-efficiency Dimension Retention Technology for Ancient Wooden Architectural Components for Different Accuracy Requirements

古木建筑遗产的科学保护与发展成为了近年的热点研究问题。多尺度数值模型已逐渐成为其安全性能评估与提升的重要手段,但不同尺度的数值模型对于尺寸信息精度的需求各不相同。面向构件不同尺寸信息的留取精度需求,优选留取尺寸的高效技术是相关研究的重点难题。本文重点分析了4种常用的测绘技术在尺寸信息留取方面的利弊,并以典型宋式斗栱为例,分别采用这4种技术进行了尺寸信息留取,以三维激光扫描技术获得的尺寸数据作为基准对比分析各技术的精度,建议面向古木建筑构件不同留取精度需求的高效技术。结果表明:(1)基于史料推演的尺寸在建筑遗产关键构件信息高保真留取时不宜采用,建议作为其他技术的补充;(2)基于传统测绘技术获得的尺寸信息精度尚可接受,但整体来说精度不易控制;(3)对于古建筑中可采用简化模型的一般部位建议采用近景摄影测量技术获取尺寸信息;(4)对于古建筑中需采用精细模型的重要部位建议采用三维激光扫描技术获取最高精度尺寸信息。研究成果可为适用于不同尺寸信息留取精度需求的高效技术选取提供参考,并为基于多尺度数值模型的安全性能评估与提升以及历史文化传承奠定重要基础。

The scientifc protection and development of ancient wooden architectural heritage has become a critical issue, recently. The multi-scale numerical models have gradually become an important means for the assessment and improvement of the correspondingly safety performance. However, numerical models with diferent scales have diferent accuracy requirements of its dimension retention, how to select high-efciency technology for the diferent requirements is a critical issue. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the four technologies commonly used in dimension retention are firstly compared and analyzed. Subsequently, taking a typical Song style brackets sets as an example, the accuracy of each technology is carefully investigated using the dimension obtained by the 3D laser scanning technology as the benchmark data. Based on these, the high-efficiency technology for different accuracy requirements of dimension retention is recommended. The results indicated that：（1） The dimension obtained by historical documents should not be used for high-fdelity retention of key components of the architectural heritage, and it is recommended to be used as a supplement to other technologies; （2） The accuracy of the dimension obtained by traditional technology is acceptable, but the overall accuracy is not easy to control; （3） For the general components of the architectural heritage, the close-range photogrammetry technology is recommended to obtain the dimension information; （4） For the key components of the architectural heritage, 3D laser scanning technology is recommended to obtain the dimension with the highest precision. The research outcome of this paper could provide important references for the selection of high-efciency dimension retention technology for diferent accuracy requirements, and could be an important foundation for the assessment and improvement of the safety performance of ancient wooden architectural heritage based on multi-scale numerical models.