基于GIS的中国历代名人人生轨迹研究

Research of Life Path of Chinese Historical Figures Based on GIS

历史由人组成,历史名人在社会发展中起着重要作用,对其人生轨迹的分析有助于理解人与社会历史进程的关系。以中国西汉、唐、北宋、元、明、清等6个朝代的帝王、文臣等24个部类历史名人为数据源,以年为时间精度统计其人生轨迹,共获得1569人的轨迹数据,提出首都距、家乡距、迁徙指数、前台指数、轨迹透视图等人生轨迹分析方法,并结合核密度、标准差椭圆等空间分析方法,对人生轨迹进行探索性分析。研究发现:(1)名人的人生轨迹高度集中于首都等局部地域;(2)名人迁徙呈先逐渐远离再逐渐回归家乡、先逐渐靠近再逐渐远离首都、迁徙活跃程度先增长后衰减的趋势;(3)不同职业类型的名人表现出不同的人生轨迹模式;(4)历史名人人生轨迹时空格局与社会历史进程紧密相关。

History is composed of people, historical fgures exert a crucial part in social development, and the analysis of their life paths helps to understand the relationship between human and social history. Based on the data source of China＇s Western Han Dynasty, Tang and Northern Song Dynasty, Yuan, Ming and Qing of the six Dynasties＇ emperors, ofcials and other 24 classes＇ historical fgures, and the statistics of their life path location once a year, we get life path data of a total of 1 569 people, and raise several life path analysis methods such as Capital Distance Index, Hometown Distance Index, Migration Index, Foreground Index, Life Path Cluster Map, combining with space analysis method such as the kernel density and standard deviation ellipse and so forth, to explore the patterns of the life path. The results indicate that： ①A historical fgure＇s life path is highly concentrated in certain areas such as the capital. ②The migration of historical fgures is gradually away from hometown frstly and then gradually return back hometown, while gradually moving towards to the capital frstly and then tending to gradually get away from the capital, meanwhile the activity of the migration has the trend of increasing frstly and then decreasing. ③Historical fgures of diferent types of occupations show diferent patterns of life. ④The spatial-temporal patterns of historical fgures are correlated to the process of history.