皖北地区玉米机械粒收质量及影响因素研究

Research on the Grain Quality of Mechanical Kernel Harvest and the Influencing Factors in the Northern of Anhui

2014-2017年在安徽省的3个市（县）开展7个点次的机械粒收试验，并对其中5个点次试验进行机械粒收质量评价。结果表明，破碎率均值为9．12％，高于《玉米收获机械技术条件（GB／T21962-2008）》中规定的子粒破碎率45％的标准；杂质率均值为3．37％，略高于43％的国标标准；总损失率为1．74％，低于45％的国标标准，子粒破碎率和杂质率偏高是目前安徽省皖北夏播玉米机械粒收存在的主要质量问题。破碎率与子粒含水率呈显著正相关，收获期子粒含水率高是造成破碎率高的主要原因之一。推迟收获期至10月10日以后，参试品种中超过90％的品种子粒含水率可以下降至28％以下。

To popularize the technology of maize mechanical kernel harvest in Northern Anhui, China, seven groups of experiment on mechanical kernel harvest were carried out from 2014 to 2017 at three regions of Yongqiao District of Suzhou City, Guoyang County of Bozhou City and Taihe County of Fuyang City. The main results were as follows： the average grain broken rate was 9.12%, which was higher than the national standard（5%） of GB/T 21962- 2008, the average impurity rate of 3.37% was slightly higher than the national standard of 〈3%; the total loss rate of 1.74% was lower than the national standard of 〈5%. So the higher grain broken rate and impurity rate were the main problem of mechanical kernel harvest technology in Northern Anhui. Because the high grain moisture content at harvest is one of the main reasons for the high grain broken rate, it is beneficial for grain quality to postpone harvest to October 10, and the grain moisture content of more than 90% of the tested varieties were less than 28%.