知识的空间溢出效应与区域劳动生产率——基于距离指数与投入产出空间权矩阵

Knowledge Spatial Spillover and Regional Productivity in China

本文通过引入知识资本的空间溢出效应指标,探讨了开放经济条件下知识资本、人力资本,以及国内、国外知识外溢对中国地区劳动生产率的影响,并从人力资本视角考察了吸收能力可能影响着国内、国外知识溢出效应的发挥。实证分析发现:(1)区域内知识资本对地区生产效率有显著的正向影响,但人力资本的影响并不显著;(2)国内知识的地区间溢出效应要大于来自国外不同渠道的知识溢出效应;(3)而人力资本水平的提高既有利于来自国内不同地区间知识溢出效应的有效发挥,也有利于吸收来自国外FDI与高新技术进口的知识溢出,进而促进地区劳动生产率的提升,但目前的人力资本水平对普通技术进口的知识溢出效果没有实质的影响。文章依据分析结果提出了若干政策建议。

By introducing the intra regional spillover effects of knowledge capital, this paper assesses how and to what extent intellectual capital, human capital and technology spillover among regions as well as from overseas contribute to regional productivity in China. In addition, the absorptive ability of human capital on acquiring advanced technologies from local provinces and globally is also investigated. Empirical results show that the local intellectual capital contribute significantly to regional productivity, but has little contribution to the human capital. The spillover effects of intellectual capital among regions in China are larger than that of international intellectual capital. Moreover, a region＇s absorptive ability is important to absorb knowledge from other regions as well as absorb knowledge from FDI and advanced technology imports, even though it brings no effects to spillover of ordinary technology imports. Lastly, policy legislation recommendations are made based on the results of our investigation.