蚓粪替代部分无机基肥对温室连作黄瓜生长及土壤性质的影响

Effects of vermicompost instead of partial inorganic base fertilizer on the growth of continuous cropping cucumber and soil properties in greenhouse

以蚯蚓消解牛粪产生的蚓粪替代20%的无机复合肥,以基肥的方式施用于温室大棚条件下已连作3年黄瓜的劣变土壤中,研究蚓粪施用对黄瓜生长发育及盛果期土壤性质的影响。结果表明:与不施基肥相比,施用无机复合肥750 kg/hm^2对黄瓜盛果期的温室连作劣变土壤的氮磷钾碳等元素赋存和对土壤基本性质影响不显著,对黄瓜产量和品质也无显著影响,但显著降低了黄瓜株高;低量蚓粪(3 000 kg/hm^2)处理显著增加了土壤全氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量和EC值以及黄瓜可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,显著降低了土壤CEC值和p H;中量蚓粪(6 000 kg/hm^2)处理显著增加了土壤铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量、CEC和EC值,以及黄瓜单果重和叶片叶绿素含量,也显著增加了果实的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白含量,但显著降低了土壤可溶性有机碳含量;大量蚓粪(24 000 kg/hm^2)处理显著增加了土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量、CEC和EC值,以及黄瓜产量和单果重,但显著降低了黄瓜株高。综合来看,推荐采用6 000 kg/hm^2蚓粪替代20%的无机复合肥作为基肥施用于温室连作劣变土壤。

Twenty percent of inorganic compound fertilizer was replaced with vermicompost which was digested with cow dung by earthworm. The compound fertilizer was applied to the degraded soil of 3 years of continuous cropping cucumber in greenhouse as base fertilizer, and the effects of vermicompost application on the cucumber growth and soil properties during the full fruit period were studied. Compared with no base fertilizer application, the application of inorganic compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 had no significant effect on the occurrence of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium, carbon and the basic properties of soil in the deteriorated soil of continuous cropping in greenhouse during the full fruit period of cucumber. It also had no significant effect on the cucumber yield and quality, but significantly reduced the cucumber plant height. The low amount of vermicompost treatment （3 000 kg/hm2） significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus,available potassium, organic matter and EC value in soil, and the contents of soluble sugar andsoluble protein in cucumber, but significantly reduced the soil CEC and pH value. The medium amount of verrmicompost （6 000 kg/hm2 ） treatment significantly increased the contents of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter,CEC and EC value in soil,and the single fruit weight of cucumber and chlorophyll content in leaves, and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble solids and soluble protein in fruits, but significantly reduced the soluble organic carbon content in soil. The excessive vemlicompost （24 000 kg/hm2） treatment significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, CEC and EC value in soil, and the yield and single fruit weight of cucumber, but significantly reduced the cucumber plant height. Taken together, 6 000 kg/hm2 vernlicompost was recommended to replace 20% inorganic compound fertilizer as base fertilizer for deteriorating soil of continuous cropping in greenhouse.