2017年兰州市企业职工健康监护现状分析

Occupational Health Monitoring of Staff and Workers for Enterprises in Lanzhou in 2017

目的分析评估兰州市职业健康监护现状,为职业病防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制系统中职业卫生信息监测平台,收集2017年兰州市有毒有害作业工人健康监护汇总卡信息,采用Excel 2010和SPSS 18.0进行处理分析。结果 2017年对248家企业24 317人开展职业健康检查,其中在岗期间检查22 146人(91.07%),检出疑似职业病和职业禁忌证187人(总检出率0.77%)。不同县区、不同行业、不同经济类型和不同企业规模之间总检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。作业人员总接害率为41.65%,不同县区、不同行业、不同经济类型和不同企业规模之间接害率差异均有统计学意义(P=0.00)。作业人员总体检率98.87%,不同行业、不同企业规模在岗体检率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但不同县区、不同经济类型企业的体检率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。物理、化学、粉尘和其他职业病危害因素中疑似职业病和职业禁忌症总检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);物理因素以噪声接触者为主,噪声和其他各类物理因素总检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);粉尘以水泥尘、铸造尘和矽尘接触为主,总检出率依次为3.13%、3.58%、1.60%,其他各类粉尘检出率为0,各类粉尘总检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.00);化学因素以汽油和甲苯为主,其他职业性急性中毒的危害因素检出1例职业禁忌症。结论 2017年兰州市职业健康检查主要以在岗期间职业人群为主,在岗期间体检率较高,接害率、疑似职业病和职业禁忌证检出率均较低,其中主要职业危害因素为噪声和粉尘。

Objectives To evaluate the situation of occupational health monitoring of staff and workers for enterprises in Lanzhou City and provide data support for the control and prevention of occupational diseases.Methods The information of occupational health monitoring was obtained from the Disease Prevention and Control System of Occupational Health Information Monitoring in China. The data in health inspection cards were analysed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 18. 0 software. Results The data on occupational health inspection in 248 enterprises included 24 317 staff and workers,of which 22 146（ 91. 07%） were on-duty workers and in which 187 were suspected occupational disease cases（ 0. 77%）. The detection rates and total exposure rates were different in different regions,industries,economic types and enterprise scales（ P〈0. 05）. The total exposure rate was 41. 65%. Total physical examination rate was 98. 87%,and there was a significant difference among different industries and enterprise scales（ P〈0. 05）,however no significant difference was found in different regions and economic types（ P〈0. 05）. The total detection rate of suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications were different in physical,chemical,dust and other occupational hazards（ P〈0. 05）. Contacting with noise was the main physical harmful factor. Total detection rate showed no significant difference between noise and other physical harmful factors（ P〈0. 05）. The total detection rate of cement,casting and silica dusts were 3. 13%,3. 58% and 1. 60%,respectively（ P = 0. 00）,no other kind of dust was detected. Main chemical factors were gasoline and toluene. Occupational hazard was detected only in one occupational acute poisoning case. Conclusions The occupational health examination in this study was examined mainly in saff and workers on-duty in Lanzhou in 2017. The detection rate of suspected occupational disease and occupational contraindication were low,but the rates of exposure to harmful factors were high. The main occupational hazards were noise and dusts.