济南市大学生无偿献血知识、态度、行为及相关因素分析

Analysis on the knowledge,attitude and practice of voluntary blood donation among college students in Jinan,China and potential influencing factors

目的了解大学生无偿献血知识、态度、行为及相关影响因素,为建立大学生无偿献血长效机制提供参考。方法设计调查问卷,从济南市10所高校随机抽取2 200名大学生进行现况调查。结果获得有效调查问卷2087份,有效率为94. 86%。无偿献血知识总体知晓率为69. 20%; 80. 88%的大学生有献血意愿;无偿献血率为50. 22%;献血的主要动机是人道主义救助（81. 87%）。男生献血率高于女生（54. 21%vs 46. 38%,P〈0. 05）;医学专业学生高于非医学专业（61. 29%vs 41. 62%,P〈0. 05）。家人的支持态度和献血行为是促进大学生献血的积极因素。大学生献血意愿和行为与认知水平正相关,献血率由低认知组的36. 66%上升到高认知组的62. 80%（P〈0. 05）。结论济南市大学生对无偿献血的认知、态度及行为情况较好,改进宣教模式,提高大学生认知水平,有利于无偿献血工作的可持续发展。

Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude and practice of voluntary blood donation and influencing factors among college students,providing a scientific and theoretic basis for a long-term and effective platform of voluntary blood donation for college students. Methods By using a self-designed questionnaire,a cross-sectional study was conducted on 2200 students from 10 universities in Jinan,China. Results A total of 2087 valid questionnaire were collected with a94. 86% efficiency. The overall rate of knowledge awareness on voluntary blood donation was 69. 20%; 80. 88% of college students had the intention to donate blood; the rate of blood donation conduct was 50. 22%; The major motivation of blood donation was humanitarian assistance（ 81. 87%）. The Males had a higher rate of blood donation than the females（ 54. 21%vs 46. 38%,P〈0. 05）; students majored in medicine a had higher rate of blood donation than those of non-medicine background（ 61. 29% vs 41. 62%,P 0. 05）. The supportive attitude and behavior of blood donation from family were positive factors for students to participate in voluntary blood donation. A positive correlation was found between knowledge,attitude and behavior. The rate of blood donation increased from 36. 66% in the lower knowledge group to 62. 80% in the higher knowledge group（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion College students in Jinan area are proficient in cognition,attitude and behavior of voluntary blood donation. In order to maintain a long-term practice of voluntary blood donation,it is necessary to improve the model of knowledge promotion and education to achieve further improvement in the cognition of voluntary blood donation.