论合法性的正义基础及其可能性

On the Basis of the Justice of Legitimacy and Its Possibility

正义问题的探讨离不开哲学上关于合法性的研究,哈贝马斯将自由主义与社群主义关于正义问题的争论转化成对"合法性"问题的讨论。合法性是权利及其来源的正当性,在此基础上,哈贝马斯将合法性与政治制度和权利相关联,进而探讨了政治权利的合法性及其可能性的问题。哈贝马斯认为,合法性虽然不是合法律性,但合法性却离不开合法律性。一方面,合法性不能止步于合法律性,而必须兼顾法律性与道德性,事实性与规范性的统一。另一方面,合法性的首要前提是合法律性,因此,这就要求法必须是良法,即"基于合法律性的合法性"必然要通过具有道德内容的商谈程序来达成,由此形成的法才具有正义的基础。哈贝马斯通过合法性这个关键概念,将法、道德、政治三者关联起来,为当代正义问题的研究提供了方法论路径和启示。

The discussion of justice cannot be separated from the study of legitimacy in modern philosophy. J. Habermas transformed the debates on justice issues between liberalism and communitarianism into the discussion of＂legitimacy＂.Legitimacy is the rightness of rights and their sources. Based on the proposition,Habermas links legitimacy with political system and rights,discussing the legitimacy and possibility of political rights. Although Habermas believes that legitimacy is not legality,legitimacy is inseparable from it. On the one hand,legitimacy cannot stop at the gate of legality; it must take into account the unity of legality and morality,facts and norms. On the other hand,the primary prerequisite for legitimacy is legality,and legitimacy requires legality must conform to good laws. That means,＂legitimacy based on legality＂must be achieved through discursive procedure with moral content. So,only the right on the basis of the discursive procedure is the becoming of justice. By the key concept of legitimacy,Habermas makes the connection among the concepts of right,morality,and politics,and provides a methodological approach to the study of the problem of contemporary justice.