施肥对天然橡胶胶乳及生胶性能的影响

Effects of Fertilizing on Properties of Natural Rubber Latex and Raw Rubber

设置了5种不同施肥处理,通过田间试验研究了施肥对天然橡胶胶乳及生胶性能的影响。结果表明:施用N肥可以增加胶乳总固形物和干胶含量;施用钾肥或与氮磷肥配施,可降低胶乳中游离钙镁。不施氮肥而只施用磷钾肥会增加生胶灰分含量;氮磷钾肥配合施用可增加生胶中氮含量;磷钾肥配施或氮磷钾(镁)肥配施时,生胶中的挥发物含量较高。施肥可以降低生胶的塑性初值(P_0),在一定程度上提高生胶的塑性保持率(PRI),其中施用氮肥后的生胶的塑性保持率显著增高。同时,使用化学肥料可增加橡胶的分子量,其中氮磷钾镁肥配合施用时生胶分子量最大,门尼黏度高。

The effects of fertilizing on natural rubber latex and raw rubber properties were studied by a field experiment with five different treatments. It showed that applying N fertilizer could increase the total solids content and dry rubber content of latex, and applying K fertilizer or with N and P fertilizer together could reduce the content of free calcium and magnesium in latex. Applying PK fertilizer without N fertilizer would increase the ash content of raw rubber; and combined applying of NPK fertilizers could increase the nitrogen content in raw rubber. The content of volatile matter in raw rubber was higher when combined applying of PK or NPK（Mg）. Fertilization could reduce the P0 value, and improve PRI to some extent, which was higher with the treatment of applying of N fertilizer among them. Bye the way, applying chemical fertilizer could increase the molecular weight of raw rubber, and combined applying of NPK Mg fertilizers has the largest molecular weight and mooney viscosity among them.