政府干预、资本深化与中国劳动生产率

Government Intervention, Capital Deepening and Chinese Labor Productivity

在渐进式改革逐步深入和人口红利逐渐消退的现实背景下,如何合理调整政府干预手段助力劳动生产率的提升,是缓解当前中国经济下行压力的重要课题。通过梳理政府干预的不同手段,分析这些手段引起的劳动生产率及其多种维度的变化,探讨政府干预对劳动生产率的直接影响和潜在作用。研究表明,政府借助对土地、国有企业和金融体系的垄断采用不同手段干预全社会投资需求,通过加速资本深化进程对劳动生产率造成短期和长期影响。进一步分析表明,政府直接干预市场竞争的行为以劳动生产率长期增长潜力为代价换取其短期爆发性增长;政府直接投资和劳动生产率之间呈现倒U型关系,基础设施外部性决定了政府直接投资对劳动生产率技术进步维度的正效应。

In the context of gradual deepening of the progressive reform and the gradual disappearing of the demographic dividend, how to rationally adjust the government intervention means to improve the labor productivity is an important task to alleviate the current economic downside pressure in China. Through combing the various means of government intervention, this paper analyzes the changes in labor productivity and its various dimensions caused by these means and probes into the direct influences and potential functions of government intervention on labor productivity. The findings show that with the help of the monopoly on land, state-owned enterprises and the financial system the government can interfere the demand of the whole society for investments with different means; and by accelerating the process of capital deepening, a short or long-term effect is caused on labor productivity. A further analysis shows that the behavior of government＇s direct intervention in market competition has brought a short-term explosive growth at the expense of the long-term growth potential of labor productivity; there is an inverted U type relationship government direct investment and labor productivity, and the externality of infrastructure determines the positive effect of government direct investment on the technological progress dimension of labor productivity.