5种中型丛生竹笋期生长规律研究

A Study of Growth Law of 5 Medium-sized Sympodial Bamboo Species at Shooting Stage

选择5种应用广泛的中型丛生竹(慈竹、佛肚竹、棉竹、香竹、撑绿杂交竹),研究其笋期生长规律,为其推广栽培与应用提供科学依据。结果表明:5个竹种的出笋高峰期集中在6—8月份;出笋持续时间为94～290 d,其中香竹笋期最长,慈竹笋期最短;各竹种退笋率为12%～21%,其中撑绿杂交竹退笋率最高,香竹退笋率最低;种植地的年平均温度和降水量直接影响笋期生长,表现为年平均温度越高、降水量越大的地方竹种的退笋率越低、笋期越长及笋体越大;施肥能够促进各竹种笋期的生长,肥料种类不同其促进作用也不同,其中尿素的处理效果最好,氮磷钾复合肥次之,普通过磷酸钙的处理效果不明显。

Five sympodial bamboo species with medium size that have been widely applied, i.e., Neosinocalam, us affinis, Barnbusa ventricosa, B. interrnedia, Chimonocalamus delicatus, B. pervariabilis×Dendrocalamopsis daii, were selected to study their growth law during the shooting stage, with the expectation to provide scientific basis to their cultivation, extension and application. The results showed that the peak shooting period of the 5 bamboo species appeared between June and August, and their shooting time lasted 94-290 d. Among them, Ch. delicatus had the longest shooting time while N. affinis the shortest. The rate of shoot degradation for the 5 species was 12%-21%, and the shoot degradation rate of B. pervariabilis x D. daii was the highest while Ch. delicatus had the lowest rate. The annual mean temperature and rainfall at the planting area had the direct influences on the shoot growth, that is, the higher the annual mean temperature and rainfall were, the lower the rate of shoot degradation would be, and the longer the shooting period, the bigger the shoots. Fertilization could facilitate the shoot growth during the shooting stage, and different fertilizers had the different facilitating performance, among which urea had the best performance, followed by N-P-K compound fertilizer, and the calcium superphosphate （SSP） had little effects for shoot growth.