免疫检查点抑制剂在乳腺癌免疫治疗中的研究进展

Research Advances in Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer by Immunologic Checkpoint Inhibitor

免疫逃逸是肿瘤细胞通过多种机制逃避机体免疫系统的识别和攻击,从而得以在体内生存和增殖的现象,免疫检查点蛋白表达的失调是乳腺癌实现免疫逃逸的主要机制。细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4和程序性细胞死亡蛋白1/程序性细胞死亡蛋白配体1是乳腺癌重要的免疫检查点。免疫检查点抑制剂通过阻断免疫检查点相关通路,可解除这种抑制作用,重新活化免疫细胞,帮助其清除癌细胞,恢复机体抵抗肿瘤免疫反应的能力。目前,免疫检查点抑制剂在乳腺癌免疫治疗的临床应用中取得了重大进展,有望成为乳腺癌的新型治疗手段。

Immune escape means that cancer cells escape the identification and attack of the body＇s immune system through a variety of mechanisms, thus surviving and proliferating in vivo. The imbalance expression of immune checkpoint protein is the main mechanism of breast cancer immune escape. The two most important immune checkpoints in breast cancer are eytotoxie T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed cell death protein-l/programmed cell death ligand-1. The immune checkpoint inhibitor can relieve the inhibitory effect by blocking the immune checkpoint related pathways, reactivate the immune ceils to eliminate cancer ceils, and restore the body＇s immunity to tumor. The target immunologic checkpoint has made great progress in the immunotherapy of breast cancer, and it is expected to become a new treatment for breast cancer.