三地边防部队水源调查理化检测结果比对分析

Comparison of physicochemical profiles of drinking water sampled from 3 border defense regions in China

目的对比分析驻三地边防部队的饮用水理化检测结果,为边远部队水质治理及指导用水安全提供科学依据。方法回顾分析2016年赴云南边防、黑龙江边防及内蒙古边防部队采集的393份自备水源水样的理化项目现场及实验室检测结果。水样采集、保存、运送和检测依据GB/T 5750. 2-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》进行;结果按照GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行评价,其中12项指标按照GB 5749-2006中"小型集中式供水和分散式供水部分水质指标及限值"进行评价。结果 (1)三地边防部队水样总体不合格率45. 0%,云南边防、黑龙江边防及内蒙古边防的水样总体不合格率分别为58. 5%、34. 7%和46. 0%,三者存在统计学差异(P <0. 05)。(2)感官性状和一般化学指标中,色度、浑浊度、肉眼可见物及pH等项目超标率较高;毒理学指标中硝酸盐氮检出率较高,砷、铅、镉等重金属元素基本未检出,内蒙古边防水源水氟化物超标率较高(38. 6%)。(3)末梢水与水源水的平均总硬度值和平均硝酸盐氮含量分别对比,云南边防无显著区别,黑龙江边防及内蒙古边防的末梢水比水源水的两项指标值分别降低约60%及80%;内蒙古边防末梢水氟化物超标率降至2. 3%。结论三地边防部队饮用水水质感官性状均不佳,因各地采取的治理措施不同导致水质改善程度不同;部队水质治理应因地制宜,在实地考察基础上制定针对性方案。

Objective To compare the physicochemical parameters of drinking water samples collected from 3 border defense regions of China and provide scientific evidence for the frontier forces to improve their water quality and water safety. Methods In 2016, 393 samples were collected from the self-supplied water sources in the border defense regions of Yunnan Province, Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. The collection, preservation, delivery and analysis of the water samples were performed in line with the National Standards for Drinking Water Examination （GB/T 5750.2-2006）. The evaluation of the results was carried out according to the National Standards for Drinking Water Quality （GB 57492006）, and 12 indexes were evaluated based on the National Standards of Small Central Water Supply and Non-central Water Supply. Results Of the total of 393 samples, 45.0% failed to meet the quality standards for drinking water （58.5% for Yunnan Province, 34.7% for Heilongjiang Province and 46.0 for Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region）, showing significant differences among the 3 regions （P〈0.05）. For apparent properties and general chemical indexes, the samples were characterized by high rates of poor quality in terms of chromaticity, turbidity, visual substances and pH value. For toxicological indexes, the samples had a high detection rate of nitrate nitrogen, but the heavy metals including As, Pb and Cd were scarcely detected; the samples collected from the border defense region in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region showed a high rate of fluoride beyond the control limit （38.6%）. The mean total hardness and nitrate nitrogen levels between the terminal water and source water were similar in the samples from Yunnan Province, but were lower in the samples from Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region by about 60% and 80%, respectively; the rate of high fluoride level was decreased to 2.3% in the terminal water samples from Autonomous Region. Conclusion The water samples from the 3 regions are characterized by poor apparent properties, and the different strategies for water purification taken by different regions result in varying water quality improvements. Specific methods should be used to purify the water according to the characteristics of the local water.