北魏孝文帝与北朝诗歌的演进

The Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Evolution of Poetry in the Northern Dynasties

北魏初年,在鲜卑统治者严酷的政治文化政策之下,文学创作受到打压,北朝诗歌呈现出古拙之风。在祖父拓跋濬、祖母冯太后和父亲拓跋弘影响下,自孝文帝拓跋宏始,全面吸收汉文化,出现了"彬彬之盛"的诗坛现状,宗室、文人、平民纷纷投入诗歌创作之中,山水诗、政治讽谕诗、边塞诗、咏物诗等各种诗体竞放光辉,并涌现出了温子昇这样的大诗人。孝文帝从整体上推动了北朝诗歌的发展,对后世诗歌发展影响深远。

In the first few years of the Northern Wei, literary creation was suppressed due to the harsh political and cul- tural policies implemented by the Xianbei rulers, resulting in the ancient and simple style of the poetry of the Northern Dy- nasties. Affected by his grandfather Tuoba Jun, his grandmother Empress Feng, and his father Tuoba Hong （Emperor Xiaowen）, the Emperor Xiaowen started absorbing the Han culture comprehensively, therefore appeared a booming development （referred as ＂Bin bin zhi sheng＂ in a critical essay） in the current poetry world. Various classes of people were dedicated to poetry cre- ation, including the clans, literati and civilians; various genres of poetry shined one after another in the area, including land- scape poems, politically allegorical poems, frontier poems, poems on objects, and so on; various great poets emerged, such as Wen Zisheng. Generally speaking, it was the Emperor Xiaowen who promoted the development of poetry in the Northern Dy- nasties, which had a profound influence on the poetry development of the late generations.