澜沧江-湄公河流域水资源利用现状与需求分析

Analysis on the present situation and demand of water utilization in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin

为了摸清澜沧江-湄公河流域各国对水资源开发利用和需求情况,首先概述了澜沧江-湄公河流域水资源分布情况和流域内各国开发利用现状,其次基于各国的实际经济发展情况,分析了各国的用水需求。分析表明:在水资源开发利用方面,各国主要在航运、水电、灌溉、渔业养殖等方面对水资源进行开发利用,但受水资源分配不均和各国开发技术水平差异的影响,整体开发水平不高。在水资源需求方面,各国对澜沧江-湄公河流域水资源依赖程度差异较大,依赖程度最大的是柬埔寨,其次是越南、泰国、老挝、缅甸,中国依赖程度最小。受人类活动和气候变化的影响,未来各国对澜沧江-湄公河流域水资源需求将会更加多元化和复杂化,在水资源安全保障方面还需继续加强合作和积极应对。

In order to clarify the development,utilization and demand of water resources of various countries in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin（LMRB）,we summarized the distribution and status quo of the exploitation and utilization of water resources in LMRB of each country within the basin.Based on the economic development situations,the water demand of each country was analyzed.The results showed that in terms of water resources development and utilization,all countries mainly develops and utilizs water resources in shipping,hydropower,irrigation,and fishery aquaculture.However,the overall development level is low due to the uneven distribution of water resources and the difference of development level of different countries.In terms of demand for water resources,the dependence on the water resources of the LMRB varieses greatly among different countries,with the largest dependence being on Cambodia,followed by Vietnam,Thailand,Laos,and Myanmar,where China has the least dependence.Affected by human activities and climate change,the demand of water resources of the LMRB will become more diversified and more complex in the future,and it is very critical to strengthen cooperation and respond for water security.