不同耕作与灌溉施肥方式对夏玉米水分利用效率的影响

Effect on water use efficiency of summer maize under different cultivation,irrigation and fertilization methods

为了探究北京地区夏玉米适宜的耕作和灌溉施肥方式,开展了夏玉米野外田间试验,试验设置了4个处理,分别为不起垄高灌中肥处理(AE)、不起垄低灌高肥处理(BF)、不起垄低灌中肥处理(BE)和起垄不灌低肥处理(CD)。通过测定夏玉米生育期内的土壤含水率、生长及产量指标,研究不同耕作与灌溉施肥方式对夏玉米水分利用效率的影响。研究结果表明:起垄CD处理夏玉米生育期内的土壤含水率变化不明显,不起垄处理夏玉米生育期内的土壤含水率变化明显,在垄作方式相同情况下土壤含水率随着灌溉水量和施肥量的增加而增大;夏玉米产量随着灌溉水量和施肥量的增加而增大,不起垄AE处理的产量最大,为10 768 kg/hm^2,起垄CD处理与不起垄AE处理相比,夏玉米产量减产12.86%,起垄CD处理对夏玉米的产量的影响较小;起垄CD处理与不起垄AE处理具有相同的夏玉米水分利用效率,为2.29 kg/m^3。因此,在试验区种植夏玉米,采用起垄不灌溉低肥的方式可以提高夏玉米的水分利用效率,对夏玉米生长及产量影响较小,可以达到节水节肥的目的。

In order to investigate the appropriate cultivation,irrigation and fertilization methods for summer maize in Beijing area,a field experiment was conducted with four treatments,i.e.no ridging and high irrigation and middle fertilization level treatment（AE）,no ridging and low irrigation and high fertilization level treatment（BF）,no ridging and low irrigation and middle fertilization level treatment（BE） and ridging and no irrigation and low fertilization level treatment（CD）.Soil water content,growth and yield index of summer maize were measured to study the effects on water use efficiency of summer maize under cultivation,irrigation and fertilization methods.The results show that soil water content changes gradually during the period of summer maize growth in CD treatment.Soil water content changes obviously in no ridging treatment.Soil water content increases with the increasing of irrigation amounts and fertilizing amounts in the same ridging treatment.The summer maize yields increase with the increasing of irrigation amounts and fertilizing amounts.The summer maize yield of AE treatment has the largest and the largest yield,10 768 kg/hm^2.The summer maize yield of CD treatment reduced 12.86% compared with that of AE treatment.The CD treatment has little effect on the yield of summer maize.The CD treatment and AE treatment have the same water use efficiency of summer maize and the water use efficiency of summer maize is 2.29 kg/m^3.The ridging and no irrigation and low fertilization method is recommended as a result of increasing water use efficiency and the sum-mer maize growth and yield decreasing slightly in researching area.It is also water-saving and fertilizer-saving.