吸气式发动机燃料研究进展及展望

Fuel Demand and Future Prospect for Air-Breathing Aerospace Engines

针对航天吸气式发动机的发展趋势,分析了其对燃料能量密度、热沉、点火及燃烧等关键性能的要求。总结评述了国内外燃料性能改善的多种技术途径,如通过合成新型液体燃料和添加含能粒子提高燃料能量,借助添加剂和催化反应提高燃料热沉,通过设计合成高反应性燃料分子和借助高活性添加剂缩短点火延迟和提高燃烧效率的技术途径等。提出了满足吸气式发动机近期及中期发展目标的燃料体系,包括积净热值达到60MJ/L的高能量密度燃料,满足长时间运行马赫5～6,马赫7～8,组合动力预冷发动机及马赫数>9飞行的燃料。

The requirements of air-breathing aerospace engines for fuels from the aspect of energy density,heat sink,ignition and combustion were analyzed. Then the technical routes to improve the performance of fuels were summarized,including synthesizing new liquid hydrocarbons and adding energetic nanoparticles to increase the energy density of fuel,modifying the molecular structure of fuels and applying additives and/or catalytic reactions to promote the heat sink,and designing and synthesizing chemically active fuel molecules and utilizing highly active additives to improve the combustion efficiency. Finally the fuels to satisfy the development of future airbreathing engines were suggested,including high-energy-density fuel with energy of 60 MJ/L,fuels with heat sink to endure flight at speed of 5～6 Mach（ for long time）,7～8 Mach and 9 Mach respectively,and fuels for pre-cooling combined power engines.