4种川乌类药材急性毒性的差异性研究

Differences of acute toxicity of four kinds of Radix Aconite

目的比较同源饮片川乌、黑附片、白附片与天雄之间急性毒性及其所引发毒性表现的差异性。方法采用急性毒性实验方法测定小鼠灌胃生川乌和黑附片提取物的半数致死量(LD50)和天雄提取物的药物最大耐受量(MTD),同时对白附片提取物做限度实验并观察小鼠毒性表现。结果生川乌和黑附片半数致死量测定结果分别为饮片4.55 g·kg^(-1)和饮片78.71 g·kg^(-1);天雄药物最大耐受量测定结果为饮片34.19 g·kg^(-1);白附片提取物以5 g·kg^(-1)的剂量灌胃小鼠,引起严重毒性反应,但不能引起小鼠死亡。4种饮片引起的毒性表现十分相似,可能累及神经、呼吸和循环等多个系统,不同的是除白附片外,其他3种饮片均可使小鼠发生眼球突出、惊厥甚至死亡反应。结论 4种饮片的急性毒性由大到小依次为生川乌、黑附片、天雄和白附片。虽然其引发的毒性表现十分类似,但是在严重程度上略有差异。

Objective To compare differences of acute toxicity and the consequent toxical performance on mice of four kinds of homologous herbal slices：Radix Aconite,Heifupian,Baifupian and Tianxiong.Methods Acute toxical tests were carried out on mice by gavage to get LD50 of extracts of Radix Aconite and Heifupian and get MTD of extracts of Tianxiong;while limit test was carried out on mice to observe toxical performance caused by extracts of Baifupian.Results The LD50 of Radix Aconite and Heifupian were 4.55 g·kg-1 and 78.71 g·kg-1,respectively,while the MTD of Tianxiong was 34.19 g·kg-1.Mice were dosed extracts of Baifupian in a dose of 5 g·kg-1,which caused severe toxical reactions but could not cause death.The toxical performance caused by above four slices were completely similar,which might be involved in nervous system,respiratory system and circulatory system.In addition,these slices except for Baifupian could cause exophthalmos,convulsions and even death.Conclusion The sequence of acute toxicity of above four slices was as follows：Radix Aconite,Heifupian,Tianxiong and Baifupian.Although the toxical performance they caused were extremely similar,they differed somewhat in severity.