“圆而神”与“方以智”——从“鸿门宴”管窥马、班治史异趣

Viewing the Different Historical Ideas of Sima Qian and Ban Gu through “Dinner at Hongmen”

章学诚以"圆而神"和"方以智"来归纳总结《史记》与《汉书》的文本特点,从这一观点出发,通过"鸿门宴"一节比较,"圆而神"和"方以智"具体表现为直观还原与距离描写的不同、重复信息的差异性处理以及对于文本完整性的不同追求三个方面,且两书对于文学性有不同的要求,最终《史记》与《汉书》走上文、史相异的经典道路是马、班不同治史观念的产物。

Zhang Xuecheng uses ＂harmony and charm＂ and ＂rigorous and organized＂ to summarize the fea- tures of ＂Historical Records＂ and ＂Hanshu＂. From this point of view, through the section of ＂Dinner at Hong- men＂, we find that ＂harmony and charm＂ and ＂rigorous and organized＂ are embodied in three aspects： the differ- ence between visual reduction and distance description, the difference of duplication of information and the different pursuit of text integrity. The two books have different requirements for literature. Having different historical con- cept, the ＂Historical Records＂ and ＂Hanshu＂ take different ways of literature and history.