中国白粉菌目分类学研究现状

Advances on the Taxonomy of Erysiphales in China

白粉菌是一类植物专性寄生病原菌,在世界各地可引起多种植物白粉病。近年来,形态学与分子系统学和超微结构分析相结合明确了白粉菌的系统发育地位和亲缘关系,使白粉菌的分类系统发生了很大变化。目前白粉菌科主要分为5个族,包含16个有性型属和2个无性型属。中国的22个省、5个自治区和2个直辖市报道有白粉病发生,共计13个有性型属328种及44变种,其中白粉菌族种数最多,其次是球针壳族。中国真菌学家命名的白粉菌新属4个、新种143个,其中仅在中国报道的有105个。寄主植物多达90科339属799种和变种,其中豆科上报道的种数最多,其次是蔷薇科。分子系统学的研究表明ITS、28S r DNA、MAT1-2-1、β-tubulin、IGS、CSⅠ和EF-1α等DNA片段可用于辅助白粉菌的鉴定,并为白粉菌分类系统的建立提供佐证。

Powdery mildews are obligate parasitic plant pathogens,which cause powdery mildew diseases on a wide range of plants worldwide. In recent years,the phylogeny of powdery mildews have been clarified based on the combination of morphology with molecular phylogeny and ultrastructures,which cause the changes of taxonomy system of powdery mildews. At present,Erysiphaceae is mainly divided into 5 tribes,including 16 teleomorphic genera and 2 anamorphic genera. Thirteen teleomorphic genera including 328 species and 44 varieties of powdery mildews were reported in 22 provinces,5 autonomous regions and 2 municipalities,of which Tribe Erysipheae has the largest number of species followed by the Tribe Phyllactinieae. Four genera and 143 new species have been named by Chinese mycologists,and 105 species of them are reported only in China. There are 90 families,339 genera,799 species and varieties of host plants. The number of powdery mildew species is the largest on Leguminosae,followed by Rosaceae. The results of molecular phylogeny have shown that DNA fragments of ITS,28 S r DNA,MAT1-2-1,β-tubulin,IGS,CSⅠ and EF-1α can be used for species identification and provide molecular evidences for the establishment of taxonomy system of powdery mildews.