基于GIS的福州市就医资源空间分布及其可达性度量

Spatial Distribution and Accessibility Measurement of Medical Facilities Based on GIS: A Case Study in Fuzhou

分析城市医疗设施的可达性与空间布局对实现城乡规划和公共设施均等化具有重要意义。结合GIS空间分析技术,运用最邻近点指数、核密度估计法、网络分析法及缓冲区模型对福州市的医疗服务设施可达性与空间分布状况进行评估,得出结论:(1)福州市医疗服务设施整体上趋近集聚分布,其中社区服务点呈现集聚分布状态,二级、三级医院的分布趋近于均匀分布;(2)福州市医疗服务设施空间分布形成3个高密度核心集聚区,集中分布在台江区靠江沿岸、鼓楼区中心区域及仓山区北部沿江地带,小片零星聚集区沿二环路呈组团状分布,总体呈"一片一带"的空间形态特征;(3)各级医疗设施基于距离成本的有效服务区范围随等级下降而递减,各级医疗设施点基于时间成本的有效服务区范围均在0～5 min这一等级覆盖范围最广。本研究为实现地方政府填平补齐缺医地区,优化医疗资源的空间分布格局提供参考意义。

Analyzing the accessibility and spatial layout of urban medical facilities is of great significance to achieve the equalization of public facilities in urban and rural planning. Combined with GIS spatial analysis technology, this study used nearest neighbor index, nuclear density estimation, network analysis and buffer zone model to evaluate the accessibility and spatial distribution of medical service facilities within the third ring road of Fuzhou. The conclusions are as follows： （1） The medical service facilities tend to be close to condensed distribution, while the distribution of the two and three hierarchy hospitals is close to the uniform distribution. （2） The spatial distribution of medical service facilities in Fuzhou is formed by three high density core agglomeration areas, which are concentrated in the Taijiang area near the river, the central area of the Gulou area and the Cangshan area along the river , and the small fragmentary area is distributed along the second ring road. On the whole, there is a space form in one area. （3） The range of effective service area based on distance cost decreases with the level of cost, and the scope of effective service area based on time cost is the most widely covered at 0~5 minutes. This study will provide a reference for local governments to fill the gaps and optimize the spatial distribution pattern of medical resources.