子宫内膜癌筛查的研究进展

The research progress of endometrial cancer screening

子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)是女性生殖系统常见三大恶性肿瘤之一。近年来,子宫内膜癌的发病率逐年上升且趋于年轻化,这主要是由于EC筛查方法的缺乏和高危人群的扩大。因此,开展EC的筛查工作势在必行。对于EC的筛查,多数学者倾向于在高危人群中进行选择性筛查,这与宫颈癌筛查的策略不同。迄今,EC的筛查方法主要包括血清学检查、影像学检查、子宫内膜细胞学检查(ECT)、组织病理学诊断以及免疫组织化学等方法,其中ECT在EC筛查方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要通过综述国内外关于EC筛查方面的研究现况及进展,探寻合理有效的筛查策略,为临床医生早期预防、早期发现及早期诊断EC及癌前病变提供理论依据,以降低EC的发病率及死亡率。

Endometrial carcinoma（ EC） is one of the three major malignant tumors in the female reproductive system. In recent years,due to the expansion of EC population and the lack of screening means,the incidence of endometrial cancer increased year by year and tend to younger. Therefore,the screening of endometrial cancer has attracted more and more attention and research in the industry. At present,the EC screening is more inclined to selective screening in high-risk groups,and different from cervical cancer screening in the general population strategy,on endometrial cancer screening methods,including serology,imaging,endometrial carcinoma test（ ECT）,histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemistry. The purpose of this study is to review the progress and current situation of endometrial cancer screening at home and abroad,and to explore a reasonable and effective screening strategy. Clinicians early-prevention,early detection and early diagnosis of endometrial cancer and-precancerous lesions to provide a theoretical basis to reduce the incidence of endometrial cancer and mortality.