从《周易》看中国文化的工具理性思想

Instrumental Rationality Conceived in the Zhou yi

在马克斯·韦伯的理性思想和中国哲学"道德形而上学"的影响下,中国文化"工具理性缺乏论"一度被广泛认同。如果我们跳出这种"刻板印象"的桎梏,从身体哲学和实用主义的角度考察,作为中国哲学源头的《周易》中实际上内涵着丰富而深刻的工具理性思想。这种工具理性既体现在其兼具直觉式和实用式的"乾坤并建"的哲学思维方式上,也体现在其"利用安身"的实用主义方法论中,并最终推出了一种"道器互显"的"用具的形而上学"。《周易》的工具理性思想奠定了中国哲学工具理性的基本框架,为我们开显了一种植根于生活世界的"一阴一阳之谓道"的生存论智慧。

Influenced by Max Weber＇s theory of rationality and＂moral metaphysics＂in Chinese Philosophy,the＂lack of instrumental rationality＂in Chinese culture had once been widely identified.Jumping out of this kind of＂stereotype＂and investigating this issue from perspectives of body philosophy and pragmatism,we can see that the Zhou yi,which has always been venerated as the source of Chinese philosophy,actually contains rich and profound thought about instrumental rationality.This kind of instrumental rationality is embodied both in its intuitive and pragmatic philosophical mode of thinking which emphasizes not only the creativity of Qian[■]but also the receptivity of Kun[■],and in its pragmatic methodology highlighting the utility and security of body,and finally it reveals a＂metaphysics of appliance＂,in which the Dao（Way）and Qi（utensils）can manifest each other.The instrumental rationality in the Zhou yi established the basic framework of instrumental rationality for Chinese philosophy,and unfolded a kind of existential wisdom rooted in the Dao（Way）of the living world resulting from the interaction between yin and yangforces.