共选理论视角下的汉韩同形词的语义差异分析——以“关心”和“??”为例

Comparison Between Chinese Word “guanxin”(关心) and Sino-Korean Word “??” from the Perspective of the Co-selection Theory

本研究以从词典释义并不易区分其差异的汉韩同形词类义词＂关心＂为研究对象,采用基于语料库的研究方法,从考察搭配词语的语义类入手,对＂关心＂在汉语和韩语中的语义差异进行探讨。我们首先对＂关心＂在汉语和韩语的索引行中搭配的形式上的特点和规律进行观察,并在提取＂关心＂的搭配词语的基础上,对搭配词语的语义倾向进行了分析。经过考察,我们发现汉韩同形词＂关心＂的语义差异主要有：韩语＂ ＂具有＂有界＂的＂实体性＂,汉语中则没有;＂关心＂的受事对象的差异主要表现在对象为具体的人或事物时,韩语＂ [关心]＂的对象更为＂概括＂,而汉语＂关心＂的对象更为＂具体＂等;我们通过对汉语＂关心＂在＂在＋NP＋的关心下＂＂Adj.＋的＋关心＂以及＂并列结构＂等结构下的索引行的观察发现,索引行呈现出积极的语义韵。

This study is to distinguish the semantic differences between those Chinese and Sino-Korean words which are not easy to distinguish only by the dictionary definitions,taking the word ＂guanxin＂（关心）and ＂ ＂ as an example. We analyze these two words based on corpus methods, by investigating the colocations, colligations and semantic categories of collocation words, semantic differences of the Chinese and Sino-Korean words are discussed. After investigation we find that： Sino-Korean word ＂ ＂ has the nature of＂substantialization＂,while Chinese word ＂guanxin＂（关心）doesn,t have; the differences about object mainly display when the object is a specific person or thing,the Korean ＂ ＂ object is more ＂generalization＂, and the object of Chinese ＂care＂ is more ＂specific＂.