东北地区吉林市大气PM2.5中有机物及重金属的污染特征研究

Research on the PM2.5 characteristics of organic matters and heavy metals pollution in Jilin,the Northeast of China

为深入探究东北地区雾霾天气污染现状,选取吉林省吉林市作为研究对象,于2016年夏季(非采暖期)和冬季(采暖期)各时期连续24h采集PM2.5样品.运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析了18种金属的浓度水平,选取其中的As、Al、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Na、Ca、K和Mg 11种主要金属进行了细致研究;同时,运用气相色谱-质谱法分析了16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度,对重金属和多环芳烃的污染情况进行了深入讨论.结果表明:吉林市采暖期PM2.5平均质量浓度为89μg/m^3,非采暖期平均为33μg/m^3;PM2.5中主要的重金属时空分布特征为除Ca以外采暖期均高于非采暖期,工业区>居住区>对照区.采样期间,冬季PM2.5中重金属污染较夏季严重,这可能与东北地区冬季供暖有关.吉林市PAHs采暖期质量分数为0.03~1 304.83mg/kg,非采暖期为0~223.13mg/kg,采暖期污染水平高于非采暖期,其中工业区污染较严重.源分析结果表明吉林市大气颗粒物中重金属和有机污染物PAHs主要来源于燃煤、石油化工、扬尘(建筑扬尘和土壤扬尘)、车辆混合污染,而且工业尘对PM2.5的贡献则是持续的.

In order to investigate the current situation of haze pollution in northeast,jilin is selected as the typical research object.Samples（PM2.5）were collected consecutively for 24 hours of Jilin City during the period of heating and non-heating in 2016.The concentrations of 18 metals were measured by ICP-MS,with an emphasis eleven major heavy metal elements（As,Al,Cr,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,Na,Ca,K and Mg）.The 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）were analyzed by GC-MS to evaluate pollution characteristics and sources of metal and PAHs in PM2.5.The average concentration of PM2.5 in 2016,heating period and non-heating period was 89 and 33μg/m^3 respectively.The spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals concentrations higher than the non-heating period except Ca in PM2.5.The total concentrations of PAHs（∑ PAHs）ranged from 0.03 to 1 304.83 mg/kg in the heating period and from not detected to 223.13 mg/kg.Higher∑ PAHs were found in the heating period compared to the non-heating period.The sources analysis suggested that coal combustion,dust（including building dust and road dust）,discharge of petrochemical industries and automobile exhaust,industrial dust was the main source persistently contributing to the PM2.5.