构建与矛盾:国际法中领土时效取得规则的理论与实践

Construction and contradiction: The theory and practice of prescription of territory acquisition in international law

时效取得是传统国际法理论中的一项领土取得规则,早期的国际法学者借鉴了国内法中的时效取得构建了国际法中的时效取得规则和制度。但是由于国内法和国际法在结构上的差异以及在实践中存在着诸多适用上的障碍,时效取得规则在司法和仲裁实践中并未得到确认和适用,从而导致该规则在理论构建和实践适用中的矛盾。国际法领域并不存在国内法意义上的时效取得规则。在国际法的话语体系中,有效占有规则体现了时效取得规则的时效观念,是时效取得规则的核心和实质。

Prescription is a rule of territory acquisition in traditional international law theory,and in the early period,the international lawyers constructed the rule and system of prescription in international law using the prescription rule transplanted from domestic law. However,the rule of prescription has not been confirmed and applied by the judicial and arbitral authority due to the fact that there exist differences between the systems of international law and domestic law and some barriers in the application of this rule,hence leading to the contradictions in theory construction and practice application of this rule. There is no rule of prescription in the sense of domestic law. In the system of international law,the rule of effective possession has reflected the notion of prescription,and is the core and essential notion of the prescription.