话语标记“可不是”的历时演变及成因

Diachronic Evolution and Causes of the Discourse Marker “kebushi”( 可不是)

本文以现代汉语中的话语标记"可不是"为研究对象,我们认为话语标记"可不是"与表示否定的状中短语"可+不是"并没有什么渊源关系,而是孕育于反问形式的"可不是+XP"中。通过对"可不是"语料的考察,我们大致梳理了其历时演变过程,其中三个关键阶段对"可不是"话语标记功能的形成至关重要。"可不是"的词汇化是其话语标记形成的前提。在其历时演变中,"可不是"经过了结构重组,"是"的进一步虚化,至清朝时最终完成了词汇化。而语用推理及语义固化是其形成的主要机制,语用强调和经济原则是其形成的动因。

This article focuses on the discourse marker ＂kebushi＂（可不是）in modern Chinese, we find that the discourse marker ＂kebushi＂ （可不是） has nothing to do with the negative phrase ＂ke＋bushi＂（ 可＋不是）, but originates in rhetorical question. From investigating the corpus of ＂kebushi＂（可不是） , we sort out its diachronic evolution process, among which thine key stages are very important to the function formation of the discourse marker ＂kebushi＂ （可不是）. The formation of the discourse markers ＂kebushi＂ （可不是） is based on its lexicalization. With the structural reorganization of ＂kebushi＂ （可不是） , the further grammaticalization of ＂shi＂ （是）, it has achieved its lexicalization by the Qing Dynasty. The main mechanism of its formation is pragmatic inference and semantic solidification, and pragmatic emphasis and economic principles are the reasons.