南昌市重点堤防水库白蚁危害调查及治理

Investigation and Treatment of Termite Hazards in Key Reservoirs in Nanchang

白蚁是世界性害虫之一,在房屋建筑、名胜古迹、通讯光电缆、水利工程等国民经济诸多领域皆有分布和危害,特别对水利工程安全会构成重大威胁。为了解白蚁对水库堤防危害情况,对南昌市10座重点堤防和6座中型水库进行调查。调查结果表明,共有13个项目发现白蚁危害迹象,其中圩堤7条,白蚁危害率70%;水库6座,白蚁危害率100%;综合危害率为81.25%。调查发现危害白蚁种类共二科四属四种,其中黑翅土白蚁及黄翅大蚁在水库堤防营巢危害,在汛期常水位上升时容易引发溃堤事故。此次调查掌握了南昌市重点提防和中型水库白蚁危害现状,分析了白蚁危害成因,提出了治理建议。

Termite is one of the worldwide pests. Termites distribute and are harmful in many fields of national economy, such as buildings, historic sites, communication cables, water conservancy projects and so on, especially, they pose a great threat to the safety of water conservancy projects. In order to understand the termite damage to the reservoir embankments, 10 key dikes and 6 medium-sized reservoirs in Nanchang were investigated . The results showed that 13 items were found to be harmed by termites, including 7 dikes （70% termite-infected）, 6 reservoirs （100% termite-infected）, and the comprehensive hazard rate （termite-infected rate） was 81.25%. It was found in the survey that there were four species of termite species, including four genera and two families, of which black-winged termites and yellow termites were harmful in their nesting in the reservoir levees, which caused the breakwater accidents easily when the water level rose in the flood season. This survey showed the status quo of termite damages in Nanchang, analyzed the causes of termite harms, and put forward some countermeasures.