2017年国际空间站科研与应用进展

Review of Scientific Research and Application on the International Space Station in 2017

回顾了2017年国际空间站科研与应用活动的总体情况,分析了技术开发与验证、人体研究、生物学与生物技术、物理科学、教育和文化活动及地球与空间科学等6个领域的实验开展情况及其中的新实验,结合年度研究代表性成果,揭示了国际空间站科研与应用发展新动向新特点:2017年国际空间站科研与应用活动非常活跃,实验规模持续扩大,新实验比例较高,科研与应用亮点纷呈;美国国家航空航天局(NASA)支持开展的实验数量最多,俄罗斯国家航天集团(Roscosmos)、欧洲航天局(ESA)、日本航空航天探索局(JAXA)和加拿大航天局(CSA)依次次之;各国航天局各有侧重的研究领域,NASA在技术开发,Roscosmos、ESA和CSA在人体研究,JAXA在物理科学领域支持开展的实验数相对较多。

The research and application activities in six research areas on the International SpaceStation （ISS） in 2017 were reviewed involving technology development and demonstration, humanresearch, biology and biotechnology, physical science, educational and cultural activities, and earthand space science. The significant progresses and changes of the experiments conducted in every re-search area were analyzed. The status and trends of the ISS research and application activities weresummarized and discussed. To sum up, the ISS research and application activities in 2017 were ac-tive. The number of experiments continued to grow and with a high proportion of new experiments.NASA ranked the first in experiment number,followed by Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, and CSA. Re-search priorities of each agency were different, with NASA focusing on technology development anddemonstration, Roscosmos, ESA and CSA focusing on human researches, and JAXA focusing onphysical science experiments.