清代地方慈幼事业:以澧州育婴堂为例

The Regional Salesian in Qing Dynasty: Taking Foundlings in Lizhou County as an Example

澧州人地矛盾不突出,并未出现溺女婴之风气。清朝中期,澧州逐渐出现救济婴幼的慈善组织——育婴堂,通过官民捐资与堂产经营的方式运作,选举地方上较有名望的士绅为经管或司事。和省内其他地方比,澧州育婴堂虽起步较晚,且地区发展不平衡,但是在晚清湖南育婴事业整体上已成衰落之势的情况下,无疑发展较好,由此可以透视内陆地区慈幼事业发展状况。

Thanks to inapparent contradiction belween people and the land, the custom of drowning female infants didn＇t exist in Lizhou. In middle period of Qing Dynasty, foundlings that provided relief for infants gradually appeared in Lizhou County. The foundlings were operated by gentries who were elected by the local people and supported by public donations and individual management. The development of foundlings in Lizhou County might lag behind for their late start and imbalanced development, compared to those in other places in the province. But they developed better undoubtedly in the declining trend of philanthropy in Hunan province in late Qing Dynasty. The development of Salesian of inland China in Qing Dynasty can be shown through the case of foundlings in Lizhou County.