一种设施大棚智能化降温换气通风机的设计与应用研究

Design and Applied Research of An Intelligent Cooling Ventilation Fan for Greenhouse

设施栽培条件下,保温降湿是主要的管理目的。而在11—12月、2—3月的晴天中午时段,设施大棚内也会出现短时30～35℃的高温,此时采用天窗通风,棚内外空气对流不明显,降温效果不佳,且不利于棚内二氧化碳的补充。本着简单实用的原则,我们设计研发了一种适用于设施大棚的智能化降温换气通风机。该装置利用安装于大棚内的传感器实时采集棚内气温和二氧化碳浓度数据,并通过大棚环境一体化控制器在本地或利用手机APP远程操控通风机,利用安装于棚外的鼓风机鼓风和安装于大棚后墙壁上的挂式通风管送风,可在一定程度上解决特定时段棚温高、二氧化碳浓度偏低的问题。在济南市历城区唐王镇设施蔬菜大棚内的应用结果表明,采用该通风机进行换气,能起到温和降温、有效补充二氧化碳、避免穿堂风造成伤害等效果。

Under the condition of facility cultivation, the heat preservation and dehumidification are the main management proposes. At the noon of sunny days during November to December and February to March, there will be a short period of high temperature of 30 -35°C. Skylight ventilation cooling in no wind noon time is ineffective because air convection inside and outside is not obvious, so it is also not conducive for the carbon dioxide supplement to the shed. Based on the simple and practical principle, we designed a set of intelligent cooling and ventilation equipment suitable for the facility shed. The device real - time collected data of tem- peratmre and carbon dioxide concentrations using sensors installed in the shed, and controlled the ventilators locally or remotely through the greenhouse environmental integration controller. The problem of high tempera- tmre and low carbon dioxide concentration in sheds could be solved to some extent by installing wind blowing fans outside and hanging ventilation pipes on the wall behind the shed. The results of application in Tangwang Town, Licheng District, Jinan City showed that the designed fan could provide ventilation during the key growth periods of cultivated crops, which could bring about mild cooling, effectively supplement of carbon di- oxide, and avoid plant damage caused by the cross ventilation.