“以史论经”和“以经论史”——刘知几经史观探源

Viewing Confucian Canon with Historical Prospective and Viewing History with Confucian Perspective:A Probe into Liu Zhiji's Concept on Classics and History

刘知几的《史通》,为历代史学家推崇。然其《惑经》《申左》两篇的论述与其余诸篇截然不同。学界对刘知几经史观的考察多侧重经学或史学的单一角度,鲜有合而论之的全面研究。他在《惑经》篇中"以史论经",即以史的标准考订《春秋》,提出"十二未谕",且认为后人对《春秋》多有虚美。在《申左》篇中"以经论史",即以经的理念极力推崇《左传》,提出"三长五短"之说。这种全新的论述反映出刘知几特殊的经史观,极具探究价值。

Liu Zhiji＇s , Shi Tong is a book that has been promoted by historians ofall ages. However, the methods of the two articles in the book “Huo Jing” and “Shen Zuo” are completelydifferent from those other articles. The academic circles＇ investigation of Liu Zhiji＇s several historical viewsnormally focuses on the single angle of classics or historiography, and there is rarely a comprehensivestudy. Liu Zhiji used the theory of history in the book on “discussing confucian classics with historicalcriterion”, that is to say, he measured through the standard of history,andhe put forward his own concept of “Twelve Attempts” for And hebelieved that the later generations had praised too much on the book. In “Shen Zuo”, he discussedhistoriography with the standards of confucian classics, that is, he strongly advocatedand proposed the idea of “Three Advantages” and “Five Disvantages”. This new discourse reflectsLiu Zhiji＇s special concept of classics and history, which is extremely valuable for further exploration.