客家文化表述的微观历史比较分析——基于赣南两村的调查

Micro-historic Comparison and Analysis of Hakka Cultural Presentation——Based on the Survey of Two Villages in Southern Jiangxi

一直以来,客家被理解为某一群具有鲜明特征的人,学术表述为"民系—族群",或者是某些地域范围内的人,学术表述为"赣闽粤边区"。这两者都因为其背后的诠释社群不同而使得客家多样性大于统一性,客家因此无法获得统一认识。"客家"是类似于"民间宗教"这样统一大小传统的概念,应当摆脱其族群性或地域性,放置于移民社会、民间信仰和宗族三个脉络中理解,由于客家背后的多元诠释社群,需要采用微观历史比较分析的方法考察客家的历史文化呈现方式。

For long, Hakka is regarded as a group of people with conspicuous features, academically stated as ＂subnation-group＂, or the people inhabited in certain areas, which is academically stated as ＂border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. The reason behind these is the fact that Hakka shows more diversity than universals due to different groups offering interpretation, thus Hakka cannot acquire its unified recognition. Just like the concept of ＂folk religion＂ used to unify various traditions, ＂Hakka＂ should get rid of its features of ethnic group and regions, be understood within the frame of immigrant society, folk belief and clan. Due to the multiple interpretation communities behind Hakka, micro- historic comparison and analysis should be used to study the historic and cultural presentation of Hakka.