传统的“撤离”与未来的拓殖——一场哈尼族驱火灾仪式的人类学思考

Withdrawal from Tradition and Expansion into Future——Anthropological Consideration of Expelling Disaster Rite of Hani Nationality

哈尼族村落社会中个人的日常往往被村寨集体秩序所规范,因此个人的灾难要以集体的驱灾仪式来应对。传统的驻留和再造是村寨权威合法化的标志,而现代性却既消解又重置着传统。在一个"除魅"和日趋理性的现代社会中,尽管意外不断,人们拓殖未来的意愿和实践却从未停歇,被宣称断裂的传统在面对现代风险性以及未来的不确定性时通常表现出式微或社会整合功能的下降。但来自哈尼族村寨的个案表明,传统并非真正撤离,而是换一种形式被言说,其规训意义还在存续,传统正不断地吸纳着现代性的新元素进行自我调适,并营建着整合村寨日常生活的新模式。

In village society of Hani Nationality, the daily life of people is regulated by collective village order, therefore, disasters striking individuals will be handled through collective rite of expelling disaster. The maintaining and recreation of tradition is a sign for legalization of village authority, but modernity is dispelling and relocating this very tradition. In a modern society of ＂casting evils＂ and moving toward rationality, in spite of constant accidents, people never stop wishing for and implemen- tation of the expansion into future. While facing modern risks and uncertainty of future, the so-called disrupted tradition is showing declination or deterioration of social integration function. However, the case of Hani villages shows that tradition is not really withdrawing, is actually talked about in another way, its discipline meaning survives. Tradition is adapting itself by taking in new elements of modernity, and is building the new modes to integrate daily life of these villages.