肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体在肿瘤转移中的作用

Role of tumor-derived exosomes in tumor metastasis

肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体（TEX）是肿瘤细胞分泌的一种膜性小泡体,携带蛋白、核酸等多种具有生物学活性的物质,可介导细胞间的信息交流和物质交换,在肿瘤转移过程中发挥重要作用.TEX可改变肿瘤细胞外基质成分,诱导肿瘤细胞发生上皮间质转换从而增强肿瘤细胞侵袭力,TEX通过多种途径调节免疫,使循环肿瘤细胞逃逸免疫监视,TEX还可诱导转移靶器官形成转移前微环境,并在循环肿瘤细胞定植后诱导生成肿瘤血管促进肿瘤转移.了解TEX在该过程中的作用及机制,能有效阻断相关信号通路,为临床提供新的靶向治疗方法.

 Tumor-derived exosomes （TEXs） are small membrane vesicles secreted by tumor cells.They contain various proteins and RNA which make they serve as functional mediators in cell interaction.TEXs can alter the components of extracellular matrix and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells,which enhance the invasiveness of tumor cells.TEXs regulate immunity through multiple pathways,allowing circulating tumor cells to escape immune surveillance.TEXs promote pre-metastatic microenvironment in target organ before metastasis and induce angiogenesis after circulating tumor cells colonization.Understanding the role and mechanism of TEXs in this process can effectively block relevant signaling pathways which may provide new targeted therapies for clinic.