论陀思妥耶夫斯基的“普世共鸣性”理念

On Dostoevsky's Idea of “World-Wide Responsiveness”

"普世共鸣性"一词出自陀思妥耶夫斯基的演说稿《论普希金》。陀氏藉此强调普希金艺术天才中体现的"世界性和全人类性"。他认为,普希金独具其他欧洲伟大艺术天才所不具有的"普世共鸣性能力",即充分完美地再现其他民族天赋的能力。陀氏进一步指出"普世共鸣性"是俄罗斯民族文化的共同特征,而对普世性和"全人类统一性"的终极追求便成为俄罗斯思想的核心。陀氏的"普世共鸣性"理念成为加速俄罗斯文化进一步发展的催化剂,俄国许多知识分子与思想家都先后对此做出自己的回应,如伊·屠格涅夫、康·列昂季耶夫、弗·索洛维约夫等。由此,"普世共鸣性"理念作为俄罗斯文化的特质完全融入俄罗斯民族意识。

The idea of ＂world-wide responsiveness＂ was first put forward by F. M. Dostoevsky in his famous speech ＂On Pushkin＂. With the term, Dostoevsky emphasized the ＂cosmopolitanism and universality＂ embodied in Pushkin＇s gift for art. He thought that Pushkin had the unique ＂ability of world-wide responsiveness＂（i.e. the ability to fully and perfectly represent the gifts of other nations）, which other great European geniuses of art didn＇t possess. Dostoevsky further pointed out that the ＂world-wide responsiveness＂ is the characteristic of the national culture of Russia, and the ultimate pursuit for cosmopolitanism and universality becomes the core of Russian thought. Dostoevsky＇s idea of ＂world-wide responsiveness＂ became the catalytic agent accelerating the development of Russian culture. Many Russian intellectuals and thinkers（e.g. I. Turgenev,C. Leontiev, V. Soloviev） responded to it successively. Since then, the idea of ＂world-wide responsiveness＂, as a feature of Russian culture, has been completely integrated into the national consciousness of Russia.