论《战争与和平》中的拿破仑

On the Napoleon in War and Peace

在生活中,列夫·托尔斯泰对拿破仑处处鄙视。作为一个喜欢"独白"的作家,他理应在《战争与和平》中塑造一个完全负面的拿破仑。但小说的前半部分却充分尊重了不同人物对拿破仑的不同评说,从而呈现出一个立体的拿破仑。这意味着在他身上,"小说家"战胜了"俄国人";"复调"战胜了"独白"。小说的后半部分,他从一个"俄国人"的立场,开始了对拿破仑这个敌人全方位的否定,小说也从"复调"转向了"独白"。他更从一个思想家的高度将拿破仑视为历史的傀儡,借此充分表达了自己的英雄观、战争观、生命观、历史观和人民观。

Leo Tolstoy,as a writer, likes ＂monologue＂, thus a completely negative image of Napoleon is expected in War and Peace since he despised Napoleon everywhere in life. However,in the first half of the novel, Tolstoy depicts a vivid image of Napoleon through varied comments from different characters. In this part, the ＂novelist＂ Tolstoy prevails over the ＂Russian＂ Tolstoy and ＂Polyphony＂ over ＂monologue＂ in the novel. In the second half of the novel, as Tolstoy starts a complete denial of Napoleon from a ＂Russian＂ standpoint, the novel also turns from ＂polyphony＂to ＂monologue＂. Most of all, Tolstoy regards Napoleon as a puppet of history from the height of a thinker, so as to express his views of hero, war, life, history and people.