石油烃降解细菌应用于中试反应器处理油污压舱水的研究

Application of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Strains in Pilot-Scale Treatment of Oil-Polluted Ballast Bilge Water

石油污染压舱水盐度高、成分复杂且常含有毒物质,因此对这种污水的处理,尤其是在较大体积的情况下十分困难。针对这一问题,该文通过利用海洋来源的石油烃降解菌株构建人工菌群的方法,进行生物强化,从而提高油污压舱水的处理效率。先后分别在简单的500 L金属槽和特殊设计的600 L中试生物反应器中进行了预实验和正式处理实验,处理过程中持续检测总石油烃含量,并通过变性梯度凝胶电泳和Illumina高通量测序仪对处理体系中的菌群结构变化进行监测。两次试验中总石油烃降解效率分别达70%、90%以上,且初始的人工菌群结构发生了重组,最终形成以Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus(除烃海杆菌)、Acinetobacter venetianus(威尼斯不动杆菌)和Alcanivorax dieselolei(柴油食烷菌)为优势种的新菌群。综上,该文提出的采用海洋石油烃降解细菌构建人工菌群用于生物强化,是一种潜在的能够有效提高大体积石油污染压舱水处理效率的方法。

Oil-polluted bilge water is difficult to treat, especially in large scale, due to its high salinity, complicated composition and toxicity. To improve the efficacy of ballast bilge water treatment, an artificial bacterial consortium including nine petroleum degrading strains previously screened from petroleumpolluted ocean waters was applied as bioaugmentation agent. A trial run was firstly completed in a 500 L tank, following which a second run was carried out in a specially designed 600 L bioreactor. The total petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. Moreover, potential changes in the structure of bacterial consortia during treatment were monitored with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Illumina Hi Seq 2000 sequencing. In the first trial run, the oil-removal efficiency was approximately 70%, while in the second run performed in specially designed bioreactor, the efficiency of oil degradation was increased to over 90%. In both runs, the artificial bacterial consortium was reconstituted during the acclimation process immediately before the treatment, and then stabilized and predominated by three strains, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, Acinetobacter venetianus, and Alcanivorax dieselolei, throughout the following several months of treatment. Overall, this work suggests that bioaugmentation with the artificial bacterial consortium composed of hydrocarbon-degrading strains could provide a promising solution to the treatment of oil-polluted ballast bilge water in large scale.