水力压裂支撑剂技术及面临的挑战

Hydraulic Fracturing Proppant Technologies and Challenges

支撑剂为油藏流体进入井筒提供渗流通道,是水力压裂施工中的关键材料,其性能的好坏直接关系到水力压裂能否获得成功。常见的支撑剂可以分为未涂覆的石英砂、树脂覆膜砂和陶粒等三类,它们依次能提供更高的导流能力和耐久性,产生更高的产量。新型水力压裂支撑剂技术扩展了支撑剂的使用范围,为支撑剂赋予更多的功能,如示踪、阻垢、破胶等。新型水力压裂支撑剂包括低密度支撑剂、多功能支撑剂、原位生成支撑剂等。国际标准化组织（ISO）及美国石油学会（API）对支撑剂性能评价方法进行了规范,其制定的标准主要从筛分析、抗压性、球形和圆度、酸溶性和混浊度方面来评价支撑剂的性能。对于非常规油气藏,要获得较长、更为有效的支撑缝长,支撑剂的选择非常重要,轻质、高强度、高导流能力、化学惰性和低成本高效率的支撑剂是未来支撑剂的发展趋势。

The performance of proppant is one of the key factors for success of hydraulic fracturing.It can provide the seepage channel for the fluid from the formation to the wellbore,and it is the key material during the hydraulic fracturing.The common proppant can be divided into three types： uncoated quartz sand,resin coated sand and ceramsite,and they can provide higher flow capacity and durability and produce higher production in turn.The new hydraulic fracturing proppant technology extends the use range and functions of the proppant on tracing,scale inhibition and gel breaking and so on.The new hydraulic fracturing proppants include low density proppant,multifunctional proppant,and in-situ-generation proppant.ISO and API developed the standards of evaluation method for the performance of the proppant from the aspects of sieve analysis,compression resistance,sphere and roundness,acid solubility and turbidity.For the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs,longer and more effective support fracture length is needed.The choice of proppant is very impor-tant.Light weight,high strength,good conductivity,high chemical inertness and low cost and high efficiency are the developing trend of the performance of the proppant in the future.