加工机会原油面临的挑战:污染物

Challenges of Processing Opportunity Crudes :Contaminants

由于欧佩克石油产量减少、全球政治局势紧张、美国页岩油产量与出口量的增加、可替代中东中质含硫原油和委内瑞拉重质油的原油用量日益增长等因素导致原油市场供应的波动与不确定性,给全球炼油商造成了很大的风险。炼油厂越来越多地购买价格便宜的机会原油,但因机会原油质量较差,在可能获利的情况下,也为炼油厂的加工操作带来了不少问题。主要是原油污染物含量的提高会产生污垢、腐蚀、催化剂中毒、产品不合格等问题,以致抵消了购买便宜低质原油的收益。以美国Bakken与Eagle Ford致密油为例介绍了这些机会原油中的污染物及其含量,以及产生的影响。同时介绍了机会原油中污染物的分析标准和可采用的分析技术。结论认为,炼油厂只有选择合适的原油和采取适当的预防措施,才能利用机会原油在动荡的石油市场中生存下来。

Many factors,such as the decline in OPEC oil production,the global political tensions,the increase in US shale oil output and exports and the growing demand for crude oils that can substitute the Middle East medium sour crude and the Venezuela heavy crude,led to the fluctuations and uncertainties of crude oil supply in the market,bringing great risks to refiners worldwide.Refineries began to buy more and more cheap opportunity crudes.The opportunity crudes,while potentially lucrative,brought a lot of problems to the operation of refineries due to their poor quality.The problems of fouling,corrosion,catalyst poisoning and off-spec product caused by the higher content of contaminants in crude oils offset the gains made from purchasing cheap and low-quality crude oils.Taking Bakken tight oil and Eagle Ford tight oil as examples,this paper introduces the contaminants in these opportunity crudes,their contents and impact,and introduces the analysis standards and available analytical techniques for contaminants in opportunity crudes.It is concluded that refineries can only survive the volatile oil market with opportunity crudes by choosing suitable crude oils and taking appro-priate precautions.