河套灌区小麦套种晚播向日葵高产节水群体构建

THE EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY ON YIELD AND WATER USE OF WHEAT INTERPLANTING SUNFLOWER IN HETAO IRRIGATION DISTRICT

本试验以河套灌区主要立体种植模式小麦套种向日葵为研究对象,在前期研究建立的节水灌溉模式基础上,系统研究了不同向日葵种植密度对套种小麦和向日葵群体建成、产量构成及水分利用的影响,结果表明:不同密度处理下套种小麦的产量和水分利用效率(WUE)无明显影响,而套种向日葵产量、套种总产量及套种总利润则以中等密度群体最高,随着套种向日葵密度的增加,盘径、单盘粒重、百粒重等经济性状均呈下降趋势。套种向日葵产量、套种总产量、套种总利润与向日葵密度均呈单峰曲线变化趋势;套种向日葵的总耗水量随着密度的增加而显著增加,而WUE则呈单峰曲线变化。在节水灌溉模式下适当增加向日葵种植密度,套种群体灌浆期叶面积下降相对缓慢,光合势高值持续期长,经济产量、经济效益和水分利用效率可同步提高。构建河套灌区小麦套种向日葵节水、高产、高效群体的适宜向日葵种植密度为3 300~3 500株/667m^2。

This experiment was taking Stereo-planting Model of interplanting wheat and sunflower for research object,and made a systematic study on the effects of population Formation yield components and water use of interplanting wheat and sunflower in different sunflower planting density on the basis of the Water-saving irrigation model established in the previous study. The results show that： The yield and water use efficiency（ WUE） of intercropping wheat had no significant difference under different density treatments. And the yield of Interplanting sunflower,the total yield of intercropping and the total profit of Interplanting were the highest among the middle density population. With the increase of sunflower density,the economic traits such as deck diameter,single deck weight and 100 grain weight all showed a downward trend. Intercropping sunflower yield,interplanting total yield,interplanting total profit and sunflower density all showed a single peak curve trend. The total water consumption of Interplanting sunflower increased with the increase of density,while WUE showed a single peak curve. Raising appropriate density of sunflower planting density in the model of water saving irrigation,the leaf area of the interplanting population decreased slowly in the filling stage,and the high value of photosynthetic potential was extended,and the economic yield,economic and water use efficiency could be improved synchronously. The suitable planting density to build water saving,high yield and high efficiency group of wheat interplanting sunflower in Hetao irrigation district is 3 300 ~ 3 500 plants/667 m^2.